Total clipless cholecystectomy by means of harmonic sealing / Colecistectomia laparoscópica totalmente ultrassônica sem uso de clipe metálico

BACKGROUND: In traditional laparoscopic cholecistectomy, the cystic duct and artery are commonly closed by metallic clips just before their division. Although the placement of these clips for occluding cystic artery and duct can be considered safe, biliary leaks and bleeding may occur especially by its dislodgement. AIM: To report a prospective case-series in total clipless cholecystectomy by means of harmonic shears for closure and division of the artery and cystic duct as well removal of the gallbladder from the liver. METHODS: Was evaluate a series of 125 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy where the sealing and division of cystic artery and duct was carried out only by harmonic shears. The intact extracted gallbladder was submitted to a reverse pressure test for assessment of the technique safety by means of CO2 insuflation. RESULTS: The most common indication for surgery was gallstones. The mean operative time was 26 min and all gallbladders were dissected intact from the liver bed. There was no mortality and the overall morbidity rate was 0.8% with no hemorrhage or leaks. The reverse pressure test showed that all specimens support at least 36-mmHg of pressure without leaking. CONCLUSION: The harmonic shears is effective and safe in laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a sole instrument for sealing and division of the artery and cystic duct. The main advantages could be related to the safety and decreased operative time. .

RACIONAL: A colecistectomia laparoscópica na técnica tradicional oclui o ducto cístico e a artéria cística por clipes cirúrgicos, que podem se deslocar ou desprender no pós-operatório, possibilitando a ocorrência de fístula biliar ou hemorragia. OBJETIVO: Relato prospectivo de série de casos de colecistectomias laparoscópicas sem uso de clipe cirúrgico, sendo que a ligadura e secção da artéria cística e do ducto cístico foram realizadas por meio de bisturi ultrassônico. MÉTODO: Foram incluídos 125 pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia laparoscópica sem utilização de clipe cirúrgico metálico, onde a ligadura da artéria e do ducto cístico e também a remoção da vesícula biliar de seu leito hepático foram realizadas por meio de tesoura ultrassônica. Realizou-se teste de pressão reversa na vesícula biliar removida intacta do leito hepático para verificar a segurança da técnica. RESULTADOS: A principal indicação cirúrgica foi a colelitíase. O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 26 min e todas as vesículas biliares foram retiradas intactas do leito hepático. Não houve mortalidade e a taxa global de morbidade foi de 0,8%, sem hemorragias ou fístulas. O teste de pressão reversa mostrou que o ducto cístico ocluído pelo bisturi harmônico suportou ao pelo menos 36 mmHg de pressão sem que ocorresse nenhum vazamento. CONCLUSÃO: O bisturi harmônico é eficaz e seguro em colecistectomias laparoscópicas eletivas como um instrumento único para ocluir e seccionar tanto a artéria cística quanto o ducto cístico. Vantagens podem ser apontadas ao método com relação a sua segurança e diminuição do tempo cirúrgico. .

O consumo de sal e alimentos ricos em sódio pode influenciar na pressão arterial das crianças? / Does the consumption of salt and food rich in sodium influence in the blood pressure of the infants?

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o consumo de sal e alimentos ricos em sódio e a pressão arterial de escolares de uma escola da rede privada e de outra da rede pública, em Barra do Ribeiro, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas e de pressão arterial, seguindo métodos padronizados. Os responsáveis pelos escolares responderam questionário com questões referentes às condições socioeconômicas, fatores de risco familiares para hipertensão e hábitos alimentares do escolar (questionário de frequência). Foram avaliados 81 escolares, 42 (51,90 por cento) com idade média 8,3 ± 3,2 anos. Dentre os escolares, 45 (55,60 por cento) eram da rede privada e 36 (44,40 por cento), da rede pública. Foram encontrados dois escolares com hipertensão arterial sistólica e ambos eram da escola da rede pública (p= 0,194); no entanto, o achado pode ter sido casual. Fato seme-lhante pode ter ocorrido com os quatro escolares com hipertensão arterial diastólica; desses, três eram da rede privada. Porém, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos (p= 0,625). O consumo médio de sal foi de 7,66g (3098,81 mg da Na ou 133,86 mEq). O alimento rico em sódio correlacionado a níveis elevados de pressão arterial sistólica foi o enlatado. Constatamos que, quanto maior o consumo de sal, maior a pressão arterial sistólica. Nessa população, o consumo médio de sal encontra-se acima do recomendado pela literatura atualmente.

This article verifies the consumption of salt and food rich in sodium and the blood pressure of schoolchildren of a private and a public school in the city of Barra do Ribeiro, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study with standardized methods of anthropometric and blood pressure measures. Parents and tutors answered a questionnaire about socio-economic conditions, family risk factors regarding hypertension and feeding habits of the student (frequency questionnaire). 81 students were evaluated, from those 42 (51.90 percent) medium age were 8.3 ± 3.2 years. 45 (55.60 percent) studied in the private school and 36 (44.40 percent) in the public school. Findings show two children with systolic hypertension, both from the public school (p = 0.194), yet this may be found by chance. Similar fact may have occurred with the four cases of diastolic hypertension; being three of them from the private school. But there was not significant difference between the groups (p = 0.625). The medium consumption of salt found in this population was of 7.66g (3098.81 mg or 133.86 mEq), which is above the recommended in the present literature. Canned food was related to be rich in sodium and to be associated with high levels of systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, as higher the salt consumption, higher the systolic blood pressure.

Salt and insulin sensitivity after short and prolonged high salt intake in elderly subjects

Salt sensitivity and insulin resistance are correlated with higher cardiovascular risk. There is no information about changes in salt sensitivity (SS) and insulin sensitivity (IS) after a chronic salt overload in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate these parameters in the elderly. Seventeen volunteers aged 70.5 ± 5.9 years followed a low-salt diet (LSD) for 1 week and a high-salt diet (HSD) for 13 weeks. We evaluated SS after one week (HSD1) and after 13 weeks (HSD13), and subjects’ IS and lipids on their usual diet (UD) at HSD1, and at HSD13. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at each visit and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed twice. SS was the same at HSD1 and HSD13. Systolic BP was lower on LSD than on UD (P = 0.01), HSD1 (P < 0.01) and HSD13 (P < 0.01). When systolic and diastolic BP were evaluated by ABPM, they were higher at HSD13 during the 24-h period (P = 0.03 and P < 0.01) and during the wakefulness period (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01) compared to the UD. Total cholesterol was higher (P = 0.04) at HSD13 than at HSD1. Glucose and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were lower at HSD1 (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01) than at HSD13. Concluding, the extension of HSD did not change the SS in an elderly group. The higher IS found at HSD1 did not persist after a longer HSD. A chronic HSD increased BP as assessed by ABPM.